State nature protected areas of Russia as the basis of the national system of background ecological monitoring

DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2025-3-31-672-688

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About the Authors

Olga V. Chernova

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences,
33, Leninsky ave., Moscow, 119071, Russia,
E-mail: ovcher@mail.ru

Alla A. Prisyazhnaya

Institute of Fundamental Problems of Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
2, Institutskaya str., Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia,
E-mail: alla_pris@rambler.ru

Abstract

The areal representativeness in the state system of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) (nature reserves, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries) of the soil cover of large regions with similar natural conditions—plain and mountain soil provinces of the Soil-Ecological Zoning (SEZ) Map of the Russian Federation of scale 1:8 000 000—was assessed by the method of geoinformation analysis. The highest representation of soil cover in SPNA areas was found for the Eurasian polar soil-bioclimatic region, the lowest—for the Central deciduous-forest, forest-steppe and steppe soil-bioclimatic region. It has been shown that out of 101 SEZ’ provinces 14 (11 plain and 3 mountain) haven’t specially protected natural areas. On average, 3.4 % of the soil provinces’ area in Russia is protected in SPNA, mountain provinces are 2 times more provided with territorial nature protection compared to plain ones. A detailed analysis of the typological representativeness of the protected area system in relation to main soils of soils’ provinces was conducted using the example of the plain provinces of the Central deciduous-forest, forest-steppe and steppe soil-bioclimatic region. It is shown that at present 7 soils—legend units of the Soil Map of Russia of scale 1:2 500 000—which predominate in area in 9 plain SEZ’ provinces, are not provided with territorial protection. In total, they occupy 229.3 thous km2 in Russia. The most significant areas of these soils are located in the Ciscaucasia and in the south of Western Siberia. Most of these territories have been changed by economic activity, the need for additional environmental and soil monitoring sites is high, and the possibilities of their organization are small. In order to ensure territorial protection of the last fragments of provinces’ main soils with natural complexes and to create ecological monitoring sites there, it is necessary to survey the soil cover of regional protected areas and consider the possibilities of increasing the protection level for the most representative areas. In order to ensure territorial protection of the last fragments of provinces’ main soils with natural complexes and to organize ecological monitoring sites there, it is necessary to survey the soil cover of regional protected areas and consider the possibilities of increasing the protection level for the most representative areas.

Keywords

representativeness of protected areas, soil diversity, geoinformation analysis, background monitoring, geoinformation mapping

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For citation: Chernova O.V., Prisyazhnaya A.A. State nature protected areas of Russia as the basis of the national system of background ecological monitoring. InterCarto. InterGIS. Moscow: MSU, Faculty of Geography, 2025. V. 31. Part 3. P. 672–688. DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2025-3-31-672-688 (in Russian)