In this article the review of the work is performed by the author during the developing and creating various materials (maps, charts, tables), which have entered the section “The Population. Harmony of the social sphere” of Ecological atlas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region: results of scientific researches, state, dynamics, forecast. The Atlas was being prepared from summer to fall in 2017 by the group of teachers and students of Tyumen State University Institute of Earth Science by the order of administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region. The printing version of the atlas was created in the Tyumen state university’s publishing house. The main purpose in the course of preparation of atlas has been defined the providing every interested person, first of all administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region, with convenient and evident materials for the analysis of the spatial situation that is developing in the region and the subsequent adoption of necessary administrative decisions.

Development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region is not caused only because the astonishing natural heritage, but also because the available human resources. Population is one of the most significant factors setting sustainable development of each territory. The understanding of a demographic situation, account and the analysis of redistribution population processes allows to define the main directions of development of the region and to select the adequate options of impacting on the developing situation.

Relying on everything mentioned above, the author gives the assessment influence to importance of the research specializing on population of the district and defines the place of the section in the general structure of atlas, commits discussion of approaches and principles of performance of this work proceeding from the general task and features of the considered region. Furthermore, the review and discussion of the performed work was carried out as well as the review of the maps executed in the section, both of them were displayed in the article. The particular qualities were revealed in the structure of region population, which were shown in the submitted maps. Taking all in consideration, it is crucial to said that we have made the derivations and put on the future perspectives of futher work.