EMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA TO SOUTHEAST ASIA: FACTORS, GEOGRAPHY AND IMPLICATIONS

DOI: 10.24057/2414-9179-2017-1-23-94-108

View or download the article (Rus)

About the Authors

S. V. Ryazantsev

Institute for Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences; MGIMO-University
Russian Federation

119333, Moscow, Fotievoi st., 6, b. 1;

119454, Moscow, Vernadskogo ave, 76

E. E. Pismennaya

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
125993, Moscow, Leningradsky ave, 51/1

M. N. Khramova

Institute for Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
119333, Moscow, Fotievoi st., 6, b. 1

A. S. Lukyanets

Институт социально-политических исследований РАН
Russian Federation
119333, Moscow, Fotievoi st., 6, b. 1

S. Yu. Sivoplyasova

Институт социально-политических исследований РАН
Russian Federation
119333, Moscow, Fotievoi st., 6, b. 1

Abstract

The article describes the geographical features and trends of emigration of Russian citizens to the countries of Southeast Asia on the basis of a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign statistics. The results of sociological research in these countries have been used: interviews with experts and migrant citizens of various countries of the former USSR who live or stay in Southeast Asia for more than six months. In the course of the study, a comprehensive methodology was developed and the degree of favorableness of the migration and visa regimes of the Southeast Asian countries for Russian citizens has been assessed for a number of characteristics. Factors attracting Russian citizens to the countries of the region in the context of the migration theory of the factors of “pull and push” have been revealed. The socio-demographic structure of migration flows and the geographical features of the resettlement of Russian citizens in the Southeast Asian countries have been considered. The main channels of migration of Russian citizens to the region are given: temporary labor migration, migration for permanent residence, and tourism. Several groups of Russian-speaking migrants in the Southeast Asian countries have been singled out: migrants who have moved to permanent residence, as a rule, opened their own businesses; temporary migrant workers who work for several years in Southeast Asia, are tied to work and are planning to return to Russia after some time; temporary migrants who live in Southeast Asia for several months and periodically return to Russia; Russian women who married citizens of Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries – former students who studied in the USSR and Russia. On the basis of expert assessments, the types of migration and visa regimes of the countries of Southeast Asia for Russian citizens have been highlighted. Specifics of the formation of Russian-speaking communities in the countries of the region are established, including the specificity in the main countries – Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Singapore. It has been determined that Russian-speaking communities are becoming an important social and economic phenomenon and influence the political relations of Russia with the countries of the region.

Keywords

migration, factors, forms, trends, geography, Russian citizens, Southeast Asia

References

  1. Vneshnyaya torgovlya Rossijskoj Federacii so stranami dal’nego zarubezh’ya [Foreign trade of the Russian Federation with far abroad countries], Torgovlya v Rossii 2015 [Trade in Russia 2015], Moscow: Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat) [Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki (Rosstat)], Mode of access: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/ftrade/# (in Russian).
  2. Dannye Federal’nogo agentstva po turizmu (Rosturizm) [The data of the Federal Agency for tourism (Rostourism)], Mode of access: http://www.russiatourism.ru/contents/statistika/statisticheskie-pokazateli-vzaimnykh-poezdok-grazhdan-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-grazhdaninostrannykh-gosudarstv/naibolee-populyarnye-napravleniya-po-vyezdu-grazhdanrossiyskoy-federatsii-za-rubezh/ (in Russian).
  3. Dannye Ministerstva inostrannyh del Rossijskoj Federacii [Information of the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia], Mode of access: http://www.kdmid.ru/opendata/default1.aspx (in Russian).
  4. Information of the Consular Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2016) [Electronic resource], Mode of access: http://www.kdmid.ru/opendata/default1.aspx, [Informatsiya Konsul’skogo departamenta MID Rossii, 2016. [Elektronnyy resurs], Rezhim dostupa: http://www.kdmid.ru/opendata/default1.aspx] (in Russian).
  5. Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federal’nomu sobraniyu ot 12 dekabrya 2012 [The message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly on December 12, 2012] – Mode of access: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/17118 (in Russian).
  6. Postsovetskiye transformatsii: otrazheniye v migratsiyakh, Pod red. ZH.A. Zayonchkovskoy i G.S. Vitkovskoy [The Post-Soviet Transformation: Reflection in Migration, Ed. by J.A. Zayonchkovskaya and G.S. Vitkovskaya]. Moscow: Adamant, 2009, 185 p. (in Russian).
  7. Press-konferentsiya zamestitelya General’nogo sekretarya OON Ya. Eliassona, New York, 12 yanvarya 2016 g. [Press Conference of Deputy UN Secretary-General J. Eliasson, New York. January 12, 2016,Electronic resource], Mode of access: http://www.un.org/russian/news/story.asp?NewsID=25229#.V3jXmIt5kW3 (in Russian).
  8. Rybakovsky L.L. Demograficheskoe buduschee Rossii i migratsionnye protsessy [Demographic Future of Russia and Migration Processes], Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, No 3, 2005, pp. 72–79 (in Russian).
  9. Ryazantsev S.V. Emigranty iz Rossii: russkaya diaspora ili russkogovoryashchie soobshchestva? [Russian Diaspora abroad or Russian speaking communities?], Sotsiologicheskie issledovanya, No 12, 2016, pp. 84–94 (in Russian).
  10. Ryazantsev S.V., Kuznetsov N.G., Khramova M.N., Lukyanets A.S. Faktory, formy i tendencii emigracii rossijskih grazhdan v strany Yugo-Vostochnoj Azii [Factors, forms and trends of emigration of Russian citizens to the countries of Southeast Asia], Segodnya i zavtra rossiyskoy ekonomiki, No 79–80, 2016, pp. 3–8 (in Russian).
  11. Ryazantsev S.V., Pismennaya E.E., Kuznetsov N.G. Vliyanie vizovogo rezhima na turizm rossiyan v strany Yugo-Vostochnoj Azii [Influence of the visa regime on the tourism of Russians to the countries of Southeast Asia], Turizm: pravo i ekonomika, No 3 (50), 2014, pp. 2–7 (in Russian).
  12. Chislennost’ i migraciya naseleniya Rossijskoj Federacii v 2015 godu. Statisticheskij sbornik [The number and migration of population of the Russian Federation in 2015. The statistical compilation], M., Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoj statistiki (Rosstat), 2016, Mode of access: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b15_107/Main.htm (in Russian).
  13. International Migration Outlook 2013. Paris: OECD Publishing. [Electronic resource], Mode of access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/migr_outlook-2013-en.
  14. Iontsev V.A., Ryazantsev S.V., Iontseva S.V. Emigration from Russia: New trends and forms. Economy of Region, Issue 2, 2016, pp. 499–509 DOI: 10.17059/2016-2-15.
  15. Ryazantsev S.V. The Modern Russian-Speaking Communities in the World: Formation, Assimilation and Adaptation in Host Societies. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 6, № 3, May 2015, pp. 155–163; DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s4p155.
  16. Ryazantsev S., Pismennaya E. Demographic Development of Vietnam in the Context of the “Asian Vector” of Russia’s Foreign Policy. The Social Sciences, № 11 (23), 2016, pp. 5638–5642; DOI: 10.3923/sscience.2016.5638.5642.
  17. Situation Report on International Migration in East and South-East Asia, Regional Thematic Working Group on International Migration including Human Trafficking, Bangkok: ESCAP, 2008, 320 p.
  18. Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2013. Hanoi. General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 2014. – Mode access: http://www.gso.gov.vn.

For citation: Ryazantsev S.V., Pismennaya E.E., Khramova M.N., Lukyanets A.S., Sivoplyasova S.Y. EMIGRATION FROM RUSSIA TO SOUTHEAST ASIA: FACTORS, GEOGRAPHY AND IMPLICATIONS. Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto. InterGIS”. 2017;23(1):94–108 DOI: 10.24057/2414-9179-2017-1-23-94-108 (in Russian)