Using GIS technologies to study sulfur dioxide air pollution in Tashkent

DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2025-1-31-671-688

View or download the article (Eng)

About the Authors

Nilufar R. Ismatova

National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Faculty of Geography and GIS,
4, Universitetskaya str., Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan,
E-mail: nilufarravshanovna.18@gmail.com

Shakhboz B. Zaripov

Millat Umidi University,
30A, Navoiy Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan,
E-mail: shaxbozzaripov6@gmail.com

Bekhzod B. Aminov

National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Faculty of Geography and GIS,
4, Universitetskaya str., Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan,
E-mail: aminovbexzod@gmail.com

Shavkat M. Sharipov

National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Faculty of Geography and GIS,
4, Universitetskaya str., Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan,
E-mail: sh.sharipov@nuu.uz

Abstract

This study investigates the temporal and spatial dynamics of sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations in the atmosphere of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, over the period 1998–2023. Long-term observational data from the Hydrometeorological Service Agency and the National Statistics Committee were analyzed to identify the key emission sources, assess the driving factors, and evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management policies. The spatial distribution of SO2 was modeled using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method in ArcGIS Pro. Results revealed that between 1998 and 2003, SO2 concentrations increased markedly, particularly during winter, reaching 30–40 μg/m3 in central districts and exceeding 50 μg/m3 in the northern parts of the city. After 2008, concentrations began to decline steadily, reaching 2–4 μg/m3 by 2023 in nearly all areas. Seasonal variation analysis indicated the highest SO2 levels in winter and the lowest in summer, mainly due to variations in heating-related fuel combustion. The spatial gradient demonstrated a clear north–south decrease, influenced by topography and prevailing wind patterns. The overall reduction in SO2 emissions is primarily attributed to the decreased use of fuel oil at the Tashkent Thermal Power Plant, industrial modernization, urban greening initiatives, and the implementation of national environmental reforms. The study concludes that sustained environmental policies and the transition toward renewable energy are critical for improving urban air quality and achieving sustainable development in Tashkent.

Keywords

urbanization, air pollution, chemicals, sulfur dioxide, GIS

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For citation: Ismatova N.R., Zaripov S.B., Aminov B.B., Sharipov S.M. Using GIS technologies to study sulfur dioxide air pollution in Tashkent. InterCarto. InterGIS. Moscow: MSU, Faculty of Geography, 2025. V. 31. Part 1. P. 671–688. DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2025-1-31-671-688