Regional features of youth migration in Russia

DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2023-2-29-88-105

View or download the article (Rus)

About the Authors

Victoria O. Esikova

North-Caucasus Federal University, Institute of Earth Sciences,
1, Pushkin str., Stavropol, 355017, Russia,
E-mail: esikova.v@mail.ru

Ivan A. Soloviev

North-Caucasus Federal University, Institute of Earth Sciences,
1, Pushkin str., Stavropol, 355017, Russia,
E-mail: soloivan@mail.ru

Julia F. Zolnikova

North-Caucasus Federal University, Institute of Earth Sciences,
1, Pushkin str., Stavropol, 355017, Russia,
E-mail: zolnst@mail.ru

Abstract

In the article, based on the statistical data of Rosstat, a spatial analysis of the poorly studied modern youth migration in Russia at the level of its regions is considered. The key research methods are cartographic and geoinformational. For the construction of cartograms, the QGIS geoinformation system was used, which allows to process large amounts of information, create databases, and perform high-quality evaluation and analytical studies. The spatial database within the framework of the work is designed to collect, organize, store and update data on youth migration in Russia. There have been constructed several background cartograms that reflect the regional features of the migration mobility of young people in Russia for the first time. To build these cartograms, the coefficients of migration growth, arrival and departure of young people for 2017–2019 and 2020–2021 were calculated (taking into account the number of young people from 14 to 29 years old), as well as grouping the values into four groups of different intensity (ultra-high, high, medium and low). To determine the reasons for the migration of young people, the map “Share of youth in the population of Russian regions in 2020” was also developed. The main trend of recent years is the growth in the number of Russian regions with a migration increase of young people (up to 74 %), which has a beneficial effect on the sustainability of the demographic development of the state and its regions. This trend has intensified during the covid-19 pandemic. The concentration of young people is observed in the most successful regions of Russia in socio-economic terms. A quarter of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is characterized by a migration loss of young people, which has a negative effect on the demographic development of the territories. The developed cartographic software made it possible to correctly visualize the regional features of youth migration in Russia.

Keywords

cartography, youth migration, regions of Russia, coefficients of migration gain/departure, arrival/departure

References

  1. Argent N., Walmsley J. Rural youth migration trends in Australia: An overview of recent trends and two inland case studies. Geographical Research, 2008. V. 46. No. 2. P. 139–152.
  2. Ataeva A.G., Ulyaeva A.G. Interregional youth migration as a threat to the loss of human capital of the territory (based on the materials of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the regions of the Volga Federal District). Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Economy, 2018. No. 44. P. 38–57 (in Russian).
  3. Bates J., Bracken I. Migration age profiles for local authority areas in England, 1971–1981. Environment and Planning, 1987. No. 19 (4). P. 521–535.
  4. Belozerov V.S., Shchitova N.A., Esikova V.O. Geoinformation monitoring and modeling of student immigration to Russia. InterCarto. InterGIS. Proceedings of International Conference, 2022. V. 28. No. 2. P. 19–33 (in Russian). DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-110-120.
  5. Gabdrakhmanov N.K. Youth migration as an indicator of regional attractiveness. Geographical bulletin, 2020. No. 1 (52). P. 96–107 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17072/2079-7877-2020-1-96-107.
  6. Gabdrakhmanov N.K., Karachurina L.B., Mkrtchyan N.V., Leshukov O.V. Educational migration of young people and optimization of the network of universities in cities of different sizes. Educational studies, 2022. No. 2. P. 88–116 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17323/1814-9545-2022-2-88-116.
  7. Hadler M. Intentions to migrate within the European Union: A challenge for simple economic macro-level explanations. European Societies, 2006. V. 8. No. 1. P. 111–140.
  8. Karachurina L.B., Florinskaya Y.F. Migration intentions of school graduates in small and midsize towns of Russia. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5. Geography, 2019. No. 6. P. 82–89 (in Russian).
  9. Kartseva M.A., Mkrtchyan N.V., Florinskaya Y.F. Interregional migration and life strategies of the Russian youth. Journal of the New Economic Association, 2021. No. 4 (52). P. 162–180 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31737/2221-2264-2021-52-4-7.
  10. Kashnitsky I.S., Mkrtchyan N.V., Leshukov O.V. Interregional migration of youths in Russia: A comprehensive analysis of demographic statistics. Educational Studies, 2016 (a). No. 3. P. 169–203 (in Russian).
  11. Kashnitsky I.S., Mkrtchyan N.V., Leshukov O.V. Migration of youth in Russia. Demoscope Weekly, 2016 (b). No. 703–704. Web resource: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2016/0703/demoscope703.pdf (accessed 10.02.2023).
  12. Lukyanets A.S., Maksimova A.S. Differentiation of the emigration intentions of the Russian youth. Scientific Review. Series 2. Humanities, 2016. No. 5. P. 17–23 (in Russian).
  13. Mkrtchyan N.V. Migration of young people to regional centers of Russia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. Izvestia RAN. Seriya Geograficheskaya (Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Geography series), 2013. No. 6. P. 19–32 (in Russian).
  14. Mkrtchyan N.V. The youth migration from small towns in Russia. Monitoring of public opinion: economic and social changes, 2017. No. 1. P. 225–242 (in Russian).
  15. Perevedentsev V.I. Youth and socio-demographic problems of the USSR. Moscow: Nauka, 1990. 150 p. (in Russian).
  16. Ryazantsev S.V., Lukyanets A.S. Youth migration from Russia: Factors, forms and consequences. Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, 2015. No. 4. P. 7–18 (in Russian).
  17. Solovieva E.V. Organization of education of student youth in modern socio-cultural conditions. Caucasian dialogue: Proceedings of the X International scientific and practical conference. Nevinnomyssk: SAEIHE “Nevinnomyssk State Humanitarian and Technical Institute”, 2019. P. 215–220 (in Russian).
  18. Sopnev N.V., Soloviev I.A. Cartographic provision for the study of territorial features of student immigration in Russia. InterCarto. InterGIS. Proceedings of International Conference, 2022. V. 28. No. 2. P. 126–145 (in Russian). DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-110-120.
  19. Varshavskaya E.Ya., Chudinovskikh O.S. Migration plans of graduates of regional universities of Russia. Moscow University Economic Bulletin, 2014. No. 3. P. 36–58 (in Russian).
  20. Venhorst V., Dijk J.V., Wissen L.V. An analysis of trends in spatial mobility of Dutch graduates. Spatial Economic Analysis, 2011. V. 6. No. 1. P. 57–82.
  21. Williams A.M., Jephcote C., Janta H., Li G. The migration intentions of young adults in Europe: A comparative, multilevel analysis. Population, Space and Place, 2018. V. 24. No. 1. P. 21–23.
  22. Zaionchkovskaya Zh.A. A demographic situation and the settlement. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. 132 p. (in Russian).
  23. Zamyatina N.Y. The method of studying the migration of young according to the social Internet networks: the Tomsk State University as “the center of production and distribution” of human capital (according to the social online network “VKontakte”). Regional Studies, 2012. No. 2. P. 15–28 (in Russian).

For citation: Esikova V.O., Soloviev I.A., Zolnikova J.F. Regional features of youth migration in Russia. InterCarto. InterGIS. GI support of sustainable development of territories: Proceedings of the International conference. Moscow: MSU, Faculty of Geography, 2023. V. 29. Part 2. P. 88–105. DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2023-2-29-88-105 (in Russian)