Geoinformation system “River Basins of russia”

DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2023-1-29-546-559

View or download the article (Rus)

About the Authors

Oleg P. Yermolaev

Kazan Federal University, Institute of Environmental Sciences,
18, Kremlyovskaya str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia,
E-mail: oyermol@gmail.com

Yerlan A. Shynbergenov

Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Engineering and Technology Institute,
29A, Ayteke Bi str., Kyzylorda, 140012, Republic of Kazakhstan,
E-mail: shynbergenov.erlan@mail.ru

Svetlana S. Mukharamova

Kazan Federal University, Institute of Environmental Sciences,
18, Kremlyovskaya str., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia,
E-mail: smukhara@gmail.com

Abstract

An electronic map of basin geosystems of small rivers has been created for almost the entire mainland of Russia. The form of representation is a vector layer of polygonal objects; spatial detail corresponds to the regional level of generalization (scale 1:1 000 000). The research was performed in three stages: 1) The European Part of Russia (with the exception of the Crimea and the Kaliningrad region); 2) The Arctic watershed area of the Asian Part of Russia; 3) The Pacific watershed area (Far Eastern Federal District). In total, over 388 000 objects (basins) have been allocated with an average area of about 47.8 km2. The method used for constructing the basin map includes: selection of the base DEM and the hydro grid map; selection of geometric parameters of the raster grid to represent the initial data and the results of model calculations; correction of the DEM using the hydro grid map; construction of watershed basin boundaries in automatic mode; assessment of the accuracy of the allocation of river basin boundaries for different types of terrain. A specialized geoinformation system “Basins of small rivers of Russia” has been formed. GIS integrates geoinformation representing natural (geomorphometry of the relief, the hydro-climatic parameters, sediment yield and river flow, soils, landscapes) and anthropogenic (land use types, population, transport network, etc.) characteristics of river basins. As an example of solving geoecological and geographical problems, calculations of the intensity of soil erosion for the Lena River basin using a modified model of soil loss are presented. The average value of soil erosion losses in the Lena River basin, taking into account the types of land cover, is 0.22 t/ha/year. This generally indicates a very low intensity of erosion, most of the basin area belongs to the nonhazardous category of soil loss.

Keywords

watershed, small river basins, DEM, maps, GIS

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For citation: Yermolaev O.P., Shynbergenov Y.A., Mukharamova S.S. Geoinformation system “River Basins of russia”. InterCarto. InterGIS. GI support of sustainable development of territories: Proceedings of the International conference. Moscow: MSU, Faculty of Geography, 2023. V. 29. Part 1. P. 546–559. DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2023-1-29-546-559 (in Russian)