Геоморфометрия сегодня

DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2021-2-27-394-448

Посмотреть или загрузить статью (Rus)

Об авторе

И.В. Флоринский

Институт математических проблем биологии РАН — филиал Института прикладной математики им. М.В. Келдыша РАН,
Пущино, Московская обл., 142290, Россия;
E-mail: iflor@mail.ru

Аннотация

Рельеф является важнейшим компонентом географической оболочки, одним из основных элементов геосистем, каркасом ландшафта. Геоморфометрия — научная дисциплина, предметом которой является моделирование и анализ рельефа, а также взаимосвязей между ним и другими компонентами геосистем. В настоящее время аппарат геоморфометрии широко применяется для решения различных разномасштабных задач в науках о Земле. В рамках конкурса РФФИ «Экспансия» представлен аналитический обзор развития теории, методов и приложений геоморфометрии за период 2016–2021 гг. Для анализа использовалась выборка из 485 наиболее сильных и оригинальных работ, опубликованных в международных журналах I и II квартиля (Q1–Q2) JCR Web of Science Core Collection, а также монографии ведущих международных издательств. Проанализированы факторы, вызвавшие прогресс геоморфометрии: распространение беспилотной аэрофотосъемки, развитие средств и методов съемки подводного рельефа, появление новых глобальных цифровых моделей рельефа (ЦМР), разработка новых методов предобработки ЦМР для их фильтрации и подавления шума, развитие методов двумерной и трехмерной визуализации ЦМР, внедрение методов машинного обучения и др. Рассмотрены аспекты геоморфометрической теории, получившие развитие в 2016–2021 гг. В частности, представлена новая классификация морфометрических величин. Обсуждаются новые вычислительные методы, позволяющие рассчитывать по ЦМР модели морфометрических величин, а также проблемы, стоящие перед разработчиками и пользователями таких методов. Рассмотрено применение аппарата геоморфометрии для решения задач геоморфологии, гидрологии, почвоведения, геологии, гляциологии, спелеологии, геоботаники, лесоведения, зоогеографии, океанологии, планетологии, оползневедения, дистанционного зондирования, урбанистики и археологии.

Ключ. слова

геоморфометрия, обзор, рельеф, цифровое моделирование рельефа

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Для цитирования: Флоринский И.В. Геоморфометрия сегодня. ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС. Геоинформационное обеспечение устойчивого развития территорий: Материалы Междунар. конф. M: Географический факультет МГУ, 2021. Т. 27. Ч. 2. С. 394–448 DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2021-2-27-394-448

For citation: Florinsky I.V. Geomorphometry today. InterCarto. InterGIS. GI support of sustainable development of territories: Proceedings of the International conference. Moscow: MSU, Faculty of Geography, 2021. V. 27. Part 2. P. 394–448. DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2021-2-27-394-448 (in Russian)